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✅ Brittle fracture of bolts in thermal cracking furnaces
Titanium element locks carbon at grain boundaries (C ≤ 0.08%) 2
Fushun Petrochemical's ethylene plant has had zero replacements in three years
✅ Frequent thermal cycling causing loosening
Thermal expansion coefficient matched with carbon steel equipment (18.5×10⁻⁶/℃)
Thermal tightening torque retention rate >90% (ASME PCC-1 verified)
✅ Intergranular corrosion in acidic media
No corrosion after immersion in a 50% nitric acid + hydrofluoric acid mixture for 8 hours
Certified for acidic environments per NACE TM0177
✅ High-temperature oxidation failure
Dense Cr₂O₃ oxide layer (weight gain < 2 mg/cm² at 815°C)
5 times better oxidation resistance than 304 (ISO 21608)
Petrochemical cracking units
Reactor flanges/heat exchanger tube boxes
Case study: Zhejiang Petrochemical's 2 million ton ethylene unit fully replaced 304 bolts
✈️ Aviation engines
Combustion chamber housing fasteners
*Characteristics: Maintains toughness across the entire temperature range from -196°C to 815°C 11*
⚡ Nuclear power equipment
Steam generator bolt sealing
Certification: ASME III nuclear-grade fastener ND certificate
Ship desulfurization systems
SCR reactor high-temperature section connections
Advantages: Resistant to seawater-induced wet flue gas condensation acid corrosion
Material Standards: ASTM A193 B8T, EN 1.4541, GB/T 12207
Corrosion Resistance Certification: NACE MR0175 Acidic Environment Certification
Nuclear Industry Certification: ASME III Class 1/2/3
Non-Destructive Testing: ISO 11484 Eddy Current Testing AA Grade
Similar brand of 321 stainless steel
| GRADE | UNS | W.Nr |
| SS321 | S32100 | 1.4541 |
Chemical composition of 321 stainless steel
| Alloy | % | Ni | Cd | C | Mn | Si | S | Ti | P |
| 321 | Min. | 9 | 17 | 5C | |||||
| Max. | 12 | 19 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.03 | 0.7 | 0.035 |
Physical properties of 321 stainless steel
| Density | 7.93 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 1398~1446 ºC |
✅ Brittle fracture of bolts in thermal cracking furnaces
Titanium element locks carbon at grain boundaries (C ≤ 0.08%) 2
Fushun Petrochemical's ethylene plant has had zero replacements in three years
✅ Frequent thermal cycling causing loosening
Thermal expansion coefficient matched with carbon steel equipment (18.5×10⁻⁶/℃)
Thermal tightening torque retention rate >90% (ASME PCC-1 verified)
✅ Intergranular corrosion in acidic media
No corrosion after immersion in a 50% nitric acid + hydrofluoric acid mixture for 8 hours
Certified for acidic environments per NACE TM0177
✅ High-temperature oxidation failure
Dense Cr₂O₃ oxide layer (weight gain < 2 mg/cm² at 815°C)
5 times better oxidation resistance than 304 (ISO 21608)
Petrochemical cracking units
Reactor flanges/heat exchanger tube boxes
Case study: Zhejiang Petrochemical's 2 million ton ethylene unit fully replaced 304 bolts
✈️ Aviation engines
Combustion chamber housing fasteners
*Characteristics: Maintains toughness across the entire temperature range from -196°C to 815°C 11*
⚡ Nuclear power equipment
Steam generator bolt sealing
Certification: ASME III nuclear-grade fastener ND certificate
Ship desulfurization systems
SCR reactor high-temperature section connections
Advantages: Resistant to seawater-induced wet flue gas condensation acid corrosion
Material Standards: ASTM A193 B8T, EN 1.4541, GB/T 12207
Corrosion Resistance Certification: NACE MR0175 Acidic Environment Certification
Nuclear Industry Certification: ASME III Class 1/2/3
Non-Destructive Testing: ISO 11484 Eddy Current Testing AA Grade
Similar brand of 321 stainless steel
| GRADE | UNS | W.Nr |
| SS321 | S32100 | 1.4541 |
Chemical composition of 321 stainless steel
| Alloy | % | Ni | Cd | C | Mn | Si | S | Ti | P |
| 321 | Min. | 9 | 17 | 5C | |||||
| Max. | 12 | 19 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.03 | 0.7 | 0.035 |
Physical properties of 321 stainless steel
| Density | 7.93 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 1398~1446 ºC |
